_______ decks use glue or nail laminated connections to transmit loads to the superstructure.

• A. Steel
• B. Concrete
• C. Timber
• D. Brick

Answer: (C)

Timber decks rely on laminated wood panels to create a continuous, strong load path. Glue-laminated (GLT) or nail-laminated (NLT) deck assemblies bind multiple layers of wood so the deck acts as a single structural element. This arrangement transfers traffic loads efficiently through the laminate to the supporting substructure (stringers, girders, and the rest of the superstructure), rather than concentrating loads at individual boards. The laminated connections improve stiffness, reduce movement at joints, and provide a reliable shear and bending transfer path.

Steel decks rely on metal connections and steel components; concrete decks transfer loads primarily through reinforced concrete slabs and structural embeds; brick decks aren’t used for modern bridge decks because their load path isn’t suited to typical bridge demands. Hence timber is the material associated with glue or nail laminated deck connections.